The UP CIDS PUBLIC POLICY MONOGRAPH SERIES features original scholarly work on themes relevant to Philippine public policy that aims to provide research-based advice and recommendations in addressing national issues and concerns. UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES CENTER FOR INTEGRATIVE AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Lower Ground Floor, Ang Bahay ng Alumni Magsaysay Avenue, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101 Telephone: (02) 8981-8500 loc. 4266 to 4268 / (02) 8426-0955 Email: cids@up.edu.ph / cidspublications@up.edu.ph Website: cids.up.edu.ph