Snapshot review of Two World Bank COVID-19 Health support programs in Egypt Through the contextual study, we observe that the World Bank has historically had two approaches to their projects in Egypt, following two different development strands. While the World Bank states in their Country Partnership Framework (CPF) that long term development through institutional capacity building is their approach, this is only observed through the GRM workshops carried out in 2016. The workshops are a good example of long-term institutional building, which is a more effective development strategy as it is a better prescriptive approach to systemic inefficiencies. However, as observed in the “Transforming Egypt’s Healthcare System” project, much of the progress was targeted towards the fulfillment of objectives, instead of long term eradication. This translated into relatively successful national campaigns, that are not aimed at a long term institutional remedy. This approach is reflected in the procurement plans of the project, which are mostly garnered towards the purchase of drugs which are a one-time perishable instead of medical equipment and supplies that will serve as a long term investment. Certainly, the purchase of medical drugs in fighting viruses is of high importance, but the sole focus on their procurement offsets the balance of health reform. Additionally, with the expected shift of funding to be directed towards the emergent vaccines, it is plausible that COVID-19 response measures will take a backseat. This approach would be prescriptive to symptoms, especially since a variety of measures adopted to counter COVID-19 were generally good capacity building measures for the health sector, especially with increased training of health workers. Therefore, while the emergence of the vaccine certainly sheds light unto a new direction, neglecting measures previously mandated COVID-19 measures would be a missed opportunity in the direction of healthcare reform, especially in consideration of Egypt’s ambitious universal health care law. The World Bank’s projects in the health sector present a real opportunity aiding Egypt in steering this new direction, Egypt has promising foundational structures, despite some systemic inefficiencies. Recommendations: The study recommends that the World Bank reconfigures a system of checks and balances that ensures that the cycle of information sharing is an ongoing process at all levels of the project. That the different components and on-ground activities of the projects are visible to stakeholders/civil society so that they can work on better project-related issues and ensure the wellbeing of involved communities. Moreover, a further recommendation is the revision of the SEP, as well as the GRM system adopted at the project level. It is encouraged that regular assessments are made about the real effectiveness of the GRMs in place. Lastly, periodic reports disclosed on the World Bank portal, though important, need to include actual information about where program activities are beyond implemented and how accountability and community monitoring can be carried out. 21